1. Polyester: The highest output of synthetic fiber.
There are several trade names: the trade name “Terylene†taken by the United Kingdom for polyester and the “Dacron†trade name taken by the United States for polyester; the “polyester†is the trade name of China.
Structure and performance: The structure shape is determined by the spinning hole. The conventional polyester cross-section is round and has no middle cavity. Fiber macromolecule crystallinity, high degree of orientation, so the fiber strength is high (20 times that of viscose fiber), elasticity is not easy to wrinkle, stiff shape retention is good, light resistance, heat is good, quick dry after washing, avoid hot, wash Good wearability. Polyester is stable to general chemical reagents, and resistant to acid, but does not require high-humidity treatment with concentrated alkali. Using this property to process polyester, the surface of the fiber is corroded, the weight is reduced, and the fineness becomes finer, resulting in a silk style (ie simulation One of the silk methods), this method is called alkali reduction, polyester fiber has poor moisture absorption properties, poor air permeability, sweat absorption, and a sultry feeling while wearing, and at the same time, its dyeing property is also poor, special dyes are needed or Equipment process conditions, dyeing under high humidity and high pressure, in order to improve its dyeing, cationic dyeable polyester is currently available on the market. If you want to improve the handling of polyester, you can use polyester and other natural fibers (such as cotton) or regenerated cellulose fibers. (such as viscose) and other blends.
2. Nylon: (China's trade name) is the earliest born synthetic fiber, the type is nylon 6, nylon 66; the same as polyester, there are other trade names, the United States's trade name is (Nylon) nylon, Japan's trade name (Nailon) nylon. China is mainly nylon 6, and its dyeing performance is superior to nylon 66.
The nylon fiber is straight and smooth in the longitudinal direction, and the cross section can be circular or other shapes. The most prominent feature of nylon is excellent wear resistance (10 times higher than cotton fibers), and good strength and elasticity. Therefore, it has excellent durability, and is commonly used to make socks and ropes, and its specific gravity is smaller than that of polyester and other fibers. Therefore, it is lightweight, nylon fiber has poor hygroscopicity, good waterproof and windproof performance, and is suitable for mountaineering wear, parachutes, and wind-rain coats. Since the moisture regain is small and the hygroscopicity is poor, the fabric is prone to static electricity and has a sultry feeling. However, the performance of the blended fiber blended with other fibers has been greatly improved.
3, Acrylic: Acrylic staple fiber-based, because it resembles wool, it is called "artificial wool". Acrylic has unique thermal extensibility and is suitable for making expanded yarns, yarns, knitted fabrics and artificial furs. Acrylic fiber feels soft and full, easy to dye, bright color. Elasticity is not as good as that of wool, polyester, etc. Especially after repeated stretching, the residual deformation is large. Therefore, the sleeves and collars made of acrylic are easily deformed. Acrylic is less hygroscopic than nylon, and it is prone to static electricity and pilling. Acrylic has low thermal conductivity and light texture, so it has good warmth, and it has excellent solar resistance, insect repellence and mildew, and is widely used in knitted garments.
4. Polypropylene: The source of raw materials is rich, the price is low, the production process is simple, and the development is rapid. The biggest feature of polypropylene is its low specific gravity, lighter than water (3/5 of cotton fiber) and the lightest of fibers. The product has moderate elasticity and resilience, is not easy to wrinkle, and does not pill. Polypropylene is difficult to dye, and is usually dyed in the raw solution. The polypropylene fiber has poor hygroscopicity, but the polypropylene has a strong wicking effect. The water vapor can be eliminated through the capillary in the fiber. After being made into a garment, the comfort is good, especially Polypropylene's ultra-fine fibers, due to the increased surface area, deliver sweat faster and keep the skin comfortable. Polypropylene fiber is particularly poor in lightfastness and lightfastness, easy to age, and poor in heat resistance. It begins to shrink at temperatures above 100°C.
5, spandex: is a kind of high elastic fiber, the international trade name is Spandex, in 1959 this fiber was born in the United States DuPont company, named Lycra (Lycra). Spandex is higher in elasticity than other fibers, has high deformability, good elastic recovery performance, and has a recovery rate of 90% when it is extended by 500%. It can be dyed in various colors. It has a smooth touch, low wetness, and a lower strength than general fibers. Soft, with better acid, alkali, light, generally use bare silk directly, often with spandex as the core, and with cotton, wool, silk, polyester, nylon, etc. into a core spun yarn, wrapped yarn, weaving Made of elastic fabric, the fabric is soft and comfortable, fits and fits, and stretches freely. It is widely used. As long as the fabric contains a small amount of spandex (3%~5%), it can obviously improve the elastic recovery ability of the fabric.
6, vinylon: less applied in the clothing, more applications in the industry, the fabric looks and feel like cotton cloth, elasticity than polyester and other synthetic fibers, fabric wrinkles, poor dyeing performance, but its moisture is better than other Synthetic fiber, smaller in specific gravity and thermal conductivity, lightweight and warm, good strength and wear resistance, excellent resistance to chemicals, sunlight, seawater and other properties.
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