Amber has become one of the most popular gemstone varieties as people wear jewelry. However, in reality, people's understanding and understanding of amber is far less profound than understanding diamonds and jadeites. In order to make friends who are interested in jewelry have a better understanding of amber, here are some common treatment methods for amber to discuss.
In addition to the first heat treatment amber calculation optimization, the international industry generally does not recognize other methods, pressing amber has been excluded from the natural amber. Most of the other methods belong to the category of fraud.
Heat treatment
Method: Place the cloudy amber in the vegetable oil and heat it at the appropriate temperature; or just heat it on the surface of the amber.
Purpose: To make amber more transparent, while small bubbles in amber produce leaf-like cracks due to thermal expansion and bursting, usually called "lily lotus leaf" or "sun rays" inclusions; or heating into old amber (old beeswax) )shape.
Detection: Heat treated amber is generally not much different from untreated amber, but more "clear" and "flower" are more, "old beeswax" has a higher refractive index, generally 1.56 (point test)
_____ This heat treatment amber is the most on the market! Many people don't understand that the difference between the crystals of the original ore and the actual finished product is so great. If you understand the optimization knowledge a little, you will understand!
- Mainly Poland and other Baltic amber, Lithuania (Russia) amber also has a lot of optimization, Dominican "high blue" amber also has a lot of optimization.
- The general view in the market is that the heat-treated amber is a reasonable optimization and is acceptable.
Heat-treated shavings - flowers can be covered
Heat treatment maroon
Heat treatment cloud (red)
Heat treatment of old-fashioned beeswax - a large number of so-called old beeswax, but heat treated
Heat clouds (yellow) --- -
2. Dyeing treatment (rare)
Method: Amber which has dehydration and cracks with different degrees of cracking is put into the dyeing agent for dyeing.
Purpose: To mimic the characteristics of aging, mimic old amber and produce amber in other colors.
Identification: Magnified observation visible color only exists in the crack, and the light transmission can be seen in the color concentration in the crack.
- The method is relatively small, but mainly with the pressure melting method (the third)! In particular, old amber, which is darker in color, is most favored and dyed.
Such an approach is not optimized for amber, or such optimization cannot be recognized.
3. Remanufacturing
Method: Amber crumbs or scraps are broken into certain particle size and impurities are removed, and sintered at appropriate temperature, pressure and special equipment; different temperatures, pressures and times during pressing can obtain different products, and their internal characteristics are also certain. difference;
If other organic substances, such as dyes, flavors, and binders, are added during the pressing process, a uniform, transparent, non-flowing structure of pressed amber or a strong flow structure can be obtained by a relatively high temperature and a long time. Recreate Lanpo.
Purpose: To make amber jewelry with a larger piece of amber
Identification: .A for a relatively impervious and darker color (such as brown red) reconstituted amber, under the illumination of the spotlight flashlight, the sample is green, which is generally not the case for more transparent samples.
Under the microscope, look at the surface of the sample under the microscope. You can see that there is a dent in the intersection of the two pieces of debris. Under the light, the inclusions of different pieces are different, and the inclusions in one piece are at the junction. Broken (discontinuous), and the junction of the two pieces has a darker flow pattern (along the edge of the piece).
C ultraviolet fluorescent lamps are blue, white, brown, light green and other plaques, while amber is more uniform blue, white, light yellow, yellow, brown, etc.
The specific gravity of D is generally between 1.03-1.05, and the specific gravity of amber is generally between 1.05-1.09.
The refractive index of E is substantially between 1.53-1.54 (dot), while the heat-treated maroon or brownish amber has a refractive index generally between 1.56-1.57 (dot).
Such an approach is not optimized for amber, or such optimization cannot be recognized. The impact of pressing amber on the market is the biggest!
For the problem of heat-treated amber and pressed amber, heat-treated amber is optimized, and pressed amber is reconstituted, the meaning of the two is different.
There is a significant difference between pressing amber and heat-treating amber, and the characteristics of pressed amber are as follows:
A dark red silk was observed by the naked eye, and it was found that there was a dark red color in the pressed amber. Its shape resembles a capillary, which is filamentous, cloud-like, and lattice-like. This feature is generally used as an indication to suppress amber.
2 Animal and plant remains, there is no complete animal and plant relic in the pressed amber, and the amber value of the remains of animals and plants is higher than that of pressed amber. No one will suppress it with amber containing good animal and plant remains. (There are a lot of unscrupulous businessmen who deliberately make large-scale animals to manufacture insects in a melt-and-slurry manner, and sell them at high prices. It is difficult for ordinary people to distinguish such fake insects. Indeed, "No one will suppress amber with good animal and plant remains," But large insects containing insects, especially those with a body length of more than 3 cm, are most likely pressed amber)
3 bubbles, there are a lot of bubbles in the natural lake, but the bubbles in the pressed amber are more and more dense. It mainly consists of new bubbles in addition to the bubbles themselves. The bubbles are irregularly distributed throughout the amber, dense and small, and can produce sun rays by heat treatment, but they are extremely small and oriented, and the layers are very dense.
4 Flowing structure, pressing amber will have obvious or insignificant fluidity structure, so this is only a reference evidence
5 unmelted particles, more or less unsmelted particles in pressed amber, but usually this can only be observed under a magnifying glass or microscope
6 luminosity, natural amber usually has white-blue, blue-green fluorescence under long wave, and is usually inert under short-wave, and this property is also suppressed by pressing, but the raw material-amber particle-edge and contour are also pressed under ultraviolet light. Clearly revealed
The first 4 items can be identified by the naked eye or a magnifying glass, and the latter two need to be identified by instruments.
4. Film treatment
Method: Apply the prepared colored or uncolored paint (glue) evenly to the bottom or surface of the sample.
Purpose: To protect, highlight the aesthetics of the sample, to replace old amber, reduce costs, improve work efficiency, increase transparency, and increase weight.
A bottom film (mainly some mosaic samples) B surface film (mainly for some popcorn samples).
Detection: Some samples under the microscope can be seen in the pits or engraving lines. Sometimes bubbles can be seen and the top light can be seen. There are many small protrusions on the surface of the sample. The surface of the sample is not smooth. Around the hole or where the sample is inconspicuous, use a needle tip to make a light stroke. The paint on the surface of the sample is easily scratched and the amber under the paint is visible (this work must be done with the consent of the guest).
In the light, it can be found that the paint is unevenly applied to the surface of the sample, and some traces of the flow are visible.
Hot Needle Test When the hot needle touches the paint, it will give a spicy taste.
The refractive index of the sample coated with the varnish is generally between 1.51-1.52, and the amber is generally between 1.54-1.57.
Such an approach is not optimized for amber, or such optimization cannot be recognized.
5 fusion processing
Method: The prepared glue is heated in a special device to obtain a melting point, and the portion of the cleaned amber that needs to be fused is placed in a molten metal, and slowly cooled until it is cooled.
Purpose: To make amber large, easy to sculpt, and make amber complete and perfect, while increasing the weight of amber.
The amber synthesized under the detection of the A-UV fluorescent lamp showed local fluorescence (amber portion), the non-fluorescent portion was gel, and the boundary was clear.
The part of the fusion glue under the B polarizer has abnormal extinction phenomenon (the fusion glue is more, the area is larger, the phenomenon is more obvious, the fusion glue is less generally does not have this phenomenon), and the amber part is partially bright.
Under the C microscope, the fusion boundary is more or less bubbled or left with white slag (probably a fluxing substance). The fused colloid has many small bubbles and unclear debris, and the colloid is different from amber. Flow structure (amber is a convoluted nest flow structure) - one-way flow structure.
D: Brittleness test Amber has a certain brittleness, while the fusion glue is not brittle and soft. When you use a pin to gently poke, there will be a small pit (subject to the customer's consent).
E: Hot needle probe test The hot needle is used to probe amber and fused glue, which respectively emits a pine scent and a pungent smell.
F: Large-scale instrument test—Infrared spectrometers show different spectrograms due to the different structures of the two.
G: The refractive index of the fusion is generally 1.52 (point measurement)
5. Sticky treatment (rare)
For the fusion process, the sticking is much simpler.
Method: Fill the pit or the missing part of the amber with glue
Purpose: To complete the defective part of amber, while facilitating processing and increasing weight
Detection: The method is the same as that of the fusion treatment, except that the light transmission observation can easily find that the amber and the sticky portion are different in color, transmittance, approximate structure and inclusion body; the sticky portion is different from the amber flow structure and bubbles.
6. Adhesive treatment
This kind of treatment mainly occurs in the amber ornaments. Because of the large amount of materials used for the ornaments, some parts of the ornaments cannot be carved out in the whole raw material. According to the requirements of the ornaments, the appropriate materials are selected, and the missing parts of the ornaments are separately carved out. It sticks to the body of the pendulum and the bonding process is rare in actual finished samples.
Detection: The structure of the two parts of the A bond is discontinuous, the color of the two parts may be different, the joint has glue, and there are bubbles.
Under the long-wave UV fluorescent lamp, the fluorescence at the bond is different from that of other parts.
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