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Huaxia Times Xiao Junxiu
The squid effect is widely used in the market. In a fish tank filled with sardines, a squid is placed, so the sardines are very tense and accelerate. What are the effects of adding a few private banks to the banking industry?
As of the end of the first half of the year, 15 private banks approved by the China Banking Regulatory Commission have officially opened 15 of them, and a contest of private banks is rushing. On July 17, Guo Shuqing, chairman of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, said at an internal meeting that to further deepen the banking reform, banking financial institutions should improve the corporate governance structure, optimize the shareholding structure, and improve the incentive and restraint mechanism. We will continue to promote opening up to the outside world, accelerate the strategic transformation of large state-owned banks, and guide private capital to enter the banking industry in an orderly manner.
Bank licenses used to be so high and scarce. Before that, almost all of them were the background of the state and the government. Minsheng Bank was the only pure private bank. Now, the bank license has been liberalized to private capital, forcing the entire banking industry to transform in the competition. Small and micro enterprises, blue-collar, three-agricultural and other fields that the previous banks failed to cover will become the scent of competition in the future. Private banks "squid" have shown strong vitality. Recently, four private banks announced their 2016 results, all of which achieved profits of over 100 million yuan. Micro-banks and online merchant banks realized net profit of 401 million and 315 million respectively. . The growth rate and rapid profitability of private banks have added unease to the traditional banks.
Internet banking
Another private bank opened, and another "squid" swam in. On July 16, Zhongguancun Bank, the first private bank in Beijing, officially opened. This is also the 15th private bank that has been officially opened among the 17 private banks that have been approved for construction.
In the first half of this year alone, six private banks opened. In addition to Zhongguancun Bank, on January 16, Fujian’s first private bank, Huatong Bank, opened; on May 16, Yilian Bank, the first private bank in Northeast China, opened; on May 18, Wuhan Zhongbang Bank opened; June 16 On the 28th, the second private bank in Guangdong, Meizhou Merchants Bank, opened. It can be seen that after the first batch of five private banks were put into trial operation, the pace of private bank promotion was accelerating. Last year, the China Banking Regulatory Commission approved 12 private banks, of which 7 were approved in December. In the first half of this year, private banks opened up.
Guo Hong, chairman of Zhongguancun Bank, said that the biggest feature of the bank is technology finance, which is determined by Zhongguancun Bank's important historical mission and natural genes. Zhongguancun has 20,000 high-tech enterprises, but less than 3% of the enterprises with income below 20 million yuan are getting financing. Zhongguancun Bank will solve the financing difficulties of these enterprises.
Interestingly, Zhongguancun Bank is also positioned as a technology-based Internet bank. Among the 17 private banks approved for construction, 8 banks claim to be “Internet banksâ€, accounting for almost half of the total. They are Weizhong Bank, Network Merchant Bank, Xinwang Bank, Huatong Bank, Yilian Bank, Zhongbang Bank, Suning Bank, and Zhongguancun Bank.
The Internet industry has a characteristic, the business has accumulated to a certain extent, and the role of big data will show explosive growth. So, does Internet Banking have the same characteristics?
Recently, four of the first batch of private banks released the 2016 annual report, let us compare the results. The net profit of Weizhong Bank, Network Merchants Bank, Huarui Bank and Jincheng Bank were 401 million, 315 million, 142 million and 128 million respectively. The NPL ratio was 0.32%, 0%, and 0.01%, respectively, except for the network merchants' bank. Is the data very beautiful? Of course, the most striking of these is the Internet Bank – Weizhong Bank and Online Merchant Bank.
In 2016, the most profitable private banks were Weizhong Bank, with a net profit of 401 million. The Tencent Internet Bank, which was only two years old, was profitable. In 2015, it lost 584 million yuan. In 2016, it turned out to earn more than 400 million. This is the power of Internet big data. Let's take a look at its brave momentum. At present, the core product of the bank is “micron loanâ€. As a personal consumer loan embedded in QQ and WeChat, its accumulated loan amount at the end of 2016 has reached 98.7 billion yuan.
So what about the first half of this year? According to data disclosed by Weizhong Bank executives, as of May 15 this year (the second anniversary of the launch of the micro-loan loan) has reached 360 billion. That is to say, the scale of loan lending in the first half of this year has doubled in the cumulative scale of last year. Then, it is expected that the "micro-particle loan" is likely to reach the scale of 600 billion yuan this year.
What an amazing internet growth! Obviously, after two years of accumulation, micro-credit has shown the characteristics of “explosive†growth of Internet business. The powerful channels of QQ, WeChat’s hundreds of millions of people online and the power of big data are the traditional banks’ hopes. Because traditional banks need to open a lot of outlets to achieve business expansion, and MicroBank has no outlets.
Alibaba's online merchant bank mainly loans for small and micro enterprises in Ali Online Mall. As of the end of December 2016, the network merchant bank has issued loans totaling 87.9 billion yuan to small and micro enterprises, and 2.77 million customers serving small and micro enterprises. Compared with Weizhong Bank, although the scale of accumulated loans of online merchant banks is less than half of them, the net profit in 2016 is only less than 100 million less than that of Weizhong Bank. This shows that the potential of small and micro enterprise loans is large. The closed loop of Ali merchant transactions has formed its core big data, and it is the value of online merchant banks that continually tapping these data to provide financial services.
From the current point of view, Internet banks are rushing ahead and are stepping into the acceleration runway. Other offline banks also have their own characteristics and core advantages, but from the 2016 performance, Internet banks are running faster and will be far away from other banks. The distance is behind.
"Mainly look at the margins of Internet big data, the breadth of Internet channels. Micro-banks rely on QQ and WeChat, there is no doubt that this market is too big; Ali's small micro-loan also has a lot of room to explore, Internet merchants have huge data. However, the margins of other Internet banks are relatively narrower.†The director of a retail banking business of a listed company believes that the participation of private banks promotes competition between small and micro loans and personal consumer loans.
a piece of chess competing for cloth
There is a buzzword on the Internet. Today, you ignore me and I can't afford you tomorrow.
Traditional banks used to ignore small micro loans, blue-collar consumer loans, and three-agricultural loans. Now private banks have rushed in to grab these businesses, and they have achieved control over the rate of bad control through various air control methods such as the Internet. Preliminary results, then will traditional banks in the future be able to climb these customers?
The big force that wants to break into the private bank is still behind. Looking back, it is still a big piece of black pressure. According to the data of the China Business Research Institute, in the first half of 2017, the total number of private banks was 68. Of course, there is still a big gap in the approval of the nuclear name, but it shows that private capital has a natural love for banks. Most of the companies that apply for private banks are listed companies, such as Beijing Zhongguancun Bank, which stands behind 11 listed company shareholders.
Zeng Gang, director of the Bank Research Office of the Institute of Finance of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that vigorously developing small and medium-sized banks and private financial institutions is one of the key points for optimizing the economic structure. We have always had two obvious structural imbalances. One is the imbalance between direct financing and indirect financing. The other is the imbalance of customer entities in indirect financing. Large enterprises and local governments use too much credit resources. Small and medium-sized enterprises and private enterprises have obtained Less resources.
To liberalize private banking licenses, of course, it is not to copy more traditional banks, but to have differentiated operations, otherwise it will lose its meaning. The service targets of private banks should be places that are not covered by traditional banking services, such as small and micro enterprises, blue-collar workers, some white-collar workers, and three rural areas. This is actually the last link in the financial chain that personal consumption is strung together. Private banks have become an important supplement to financial services. In the personal consumption finance chain, the last mile is also the most important one kilometer, thus promoting economic transformation.
“Doing private banks is so easy? Without financial professionals and their own customer resources and channel advantages, how do you do it? Now that the bank outlets are more than the rice shop, the traditional channels have already been fully competitive. Where is the space?†The director of the financial company's risk control said that in addition to thinking about making money, the bank should also think about avoiding losing money and controlling risks.
Some private enterprises are squeezing inside, and some of them are crowded with enthusiasm. It is not so easy to make a bank, and they have retreated in the middle. In the past, about ten companies have announced their withdrawal from bank preparation. For example, Huatong Bank, which has already opened, has two shareholders, Fujian Yongrong Holding Group Co., Ltd. and Fuzhou Zhongwei Real Estate Development Co., Ltd., which have successively withdrawn. The registered capital of the bank was adjusted from the original 3 billion yuan to 2.4 billion yuan. Recently, it was reported that Anhui Lianhua Industrial Co., Ltd., one of the founders of Xin'an Bank, withdrew due to its own reasons.
The bank's license is very attractive, but it is difficult to be a private bank. Not only must it have strong capital, for example, it will invest hundreds of millions of yuan in the early stage, and it will continue to increase its capital in the later period. Moreover, the competition for business is becoming more and more fierce, without core resources and competitive advantages. It is a hard bone.
Editor in charge: Meng Junlian Editor: Yan Xuedong
Enter [Sina Finance and Economics Unit] Discussion
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